Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 1699 Words

Over the recent years PTSD- post traumatic stress disorder has become a problem among veterans returning from the Afghanistan and Iraq war. Even after returning to American soils, veterans are battling with the effects of this mental illness, but who else is suffers from this illness. Family members and caregivers are also affected from PTSD. The soldier, the family member and caregivers once knew before going over sea to war is no longer the same. It can take an emotional toll on someone, whose loved one suffers from PTSD. The symptoms and side effects of PTSD can be terrifying for someone that does not have an understanding of PTSD. Family members and caregivers have different reactions when it comes to family members that suffer from PTSD, which can cause relationship problems among them. Treatment is always an option among families that are having a hard time with the effects of PTSD. The question that some may ask is- what is PTSD- post traumatic stress disorder. Well â€Å"PT SD is one of the most common mental health conditions† in the United States (Charles, 2013). There are two different types of PTSD, civilian PTSD and combat PTSD. Civilian PTSD is when someone witnesses or is a part of a tragic event. These events can include a natural disaster, living through a violent act or neglect; experience a sudden death of someone close and witnessing or being in a tragic accident or event, such as a car accident or 9/11. Combat PTSD is different but is similar than civilianShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )990 Words   |  4 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common anxiety disorder characterized by chronic physical arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts and images of the traumatic event, and avoidance of things that can call the traumatic event into mind (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, Nock, 2014). About 7 percent of Americans suffer from PTSD. Family members of victims can also develop PTSD and it can occur in people of any age. The diagnosis for PTSD requires one or more symptoms to beRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1471 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Student’s Name Course Title School Name April 12, 2017  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that many people are facing every day, and it appears to become more prevalent. This disorder is mainly caused by going through or experiencing a traumatic event, and its risk of may be increased by issuesRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Mayo-Clinic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known as PTSD is defined as â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Post Traumatic Stress disorder can prevent one from living a normal, healthy life. In 2014, Chris Kyle playedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1198 Words   |  5 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) is a mental illness that is triggered by witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. â€Å"PTSD was first brought to public attention in relation to war veterans, but it can result from a variety of traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes(NIMH,2015).† PTSD is recognized as a psychobiological mentalRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1423 Words   |  6 Pages Mental diseases and disorders have been around since humans have been inhabiting earth. The field of science tasked with diagnosing and treating these disorders is something that is always evolving. One of the most prevalent disorders in our society but has only recently been acknowledged is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Proper and professional diagnosis and definitions of PTSD was first introduced by the American Psychiatric Association(APA) in the third edition of the Diagnostic andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"PTSD is a disorder that develops in certain people who have experienced a shocking, traumatic, or dangerous event† (National Institute of Mental Health). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has always existed, PTSD was once considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were â€Å"shocked† by and unable to face their experiences on the battlefield. Much of the general public and many mental health professionals doubted whether PTSD was a true disorder (NIMH)Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pages84.8% of those diagnosed Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder still show moderate impairment of symptoms, even 30 plus years after the war (Glover 2014). As of today, the Unites States has 2.8 million veterans who served in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, of those it is estimated that 11 to 20% currently suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. As of 2013, a total of 12,632 veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars are currently diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Glover 2014). Of course itRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Identity, Groups, and PTSD In 1980, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD,) was officially categorized as a mental disorder even though after three decades it is still seen as controversial. The controversy is mainly founded around the relationship between post-traumatic stress (PTS) and politics. The author believes that a group level analysis will assist in understanding the contradictory positions in the debate of whether or not PTSD is a true disorder. The literature regarding this topicRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 Pageswith Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1241 Words   |  5 Pages Stanley Health April 14, 2014 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Post traumatic stressed disorder is a mental illness caused by an enormous amount of anxiety felt after a traumatic or life-threatening accident or event. This event causes intense feelings of fear and helplessness. Studies have shown that about 5 to 6 million people suffer from PTSD. (Thomas ) About 30% of those people are war veterans. Most war veterans who have served for our country who have PTSD from the war are homeless. About

Rural Public Health Analysis Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(36) " occur even before hospitalization\." Current State of the Problem Background: The population of rural Texas is about 3,060,392 which is about 8 % of the entire Texas population ( 25,145,561 ) . Harmonizing to the US nose count Bureau about 70.4 per centum of province ‘s population is white, 11. We will write a custom essay sample on Rural Public Health Analysis Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 8 per centum is Afro-american, 3.8 per centum is Asiatic, and 37.6 per centum is Hispanic ( 2010 ) . There are about 4044 infirmaries in Texas and merely a mere 149 of them are located in rural countries ( 3 ) . Although the rural communities of Texas have 499 exigency medical bureaus and 303 accredited suppliers and 193 first respondent organisations but still about 21 counties are deprived of accredited exigency medical service organisation in their countries and merely 32 % ( 161 ) infirmaries are located in rural counties ( 10 ) . The rural countries are confronting a possible ruin with regard to exigency services. This public wellness issue is originating as a consequence of scarceness of exigency medical trained staff, unequal fiscal resources, outdated medical equipment usage and supply, geographic barriers, communicating spreads. The comparative hazard for decease from motor vehicle clang in rural countries is 15 times higher than urban countries, adjusted for gender, age and type of clang and 40 per centum higher hurt related deceases in rural countries than urban countries ( 6 ) . These statistics reflect the grade of demand of quality exigency attention services in rural countries. Physician Recruitment and Retention Problem: The 2001 study by the Texas State Board of Medical Examiners stated there are a sum of 196 rural Texas counties out of which 24 counties had no doctors, 22 had two doctors and 19 of them had merely one doctor. A study showed that the urban countries have 11 times higher figure of physician when compared to rural countries ( Texas State Board of Medical Examiners, 2003 ) . In rural Emergency Department, there are a greater figure of primary attention doctors on contract or impermanent doctors than exigency medical specialty trained doctors functioning merely a little community. Rural countries are confronting jobs such as most of Emergency medical managers are non trained in exigency medical specialty which worsens the state of affairs besides lead to staffing job. This is chiefly happening as a consequence of deficiency of fiscal resources and specialised doctors choosing to acquire employed in urban countries than rural communities. Other Problem is medical malpractice liability insurances in rural countries of Texas particularly in Rio Grande Grade Valley and the South Texas ( 4 ) . Trained Staff deficit: Rural Emergency services have deficit of EMS professionals and about one tierce of rural exigency medical forces voluntary. About 57 to 90 per centum voluntaries are first respondents in rural countries ( 4 ) . These voluntaries may non be available round the clock and are non to the full trained to manage complex instances. This forms a major challenge for EMS because most of them are non medical professionals ( 10 ) . If we compare counties on footing of advanced life support capableness so merely 5 counties have that installation and 22 counties have basic support organisations and 45 out of 131 counties have first respondent organisations ( 10 ) . It is difficult to supply exigency attention services for low volume population with unequal fiscal resources, deficiency of trained staff and basic medical equipment. Some EMS organisations still use manual defibrillators and are non equipped with all diagnostic machinery. Harmonizing to DHHS, Texas has 3106 lice nsed land ambulances out of the lone 22 % are for rural countries ( 10 ) . Geographic barriers: One of the most of import property that effects entree to wellness attention in rural countries is the big distance between abodes and services. The ability to transverse these distances becomes imperative in obtaining wellness attention. Most of the rural occupants refrain from seeking medical services because of the clip and money they have to pass in acquiring treated for a peculiar disease. Language Barrier: In South Texas peculiarly at U.S-Mexico cad part, linguistic communication barrier is another job faced by rural EMS. More than 20 percent population in rural Texas is bilingual and Spanish speech production population ( 10 ) . Resources Allocation Problem: Reason for less exigency medical professional are low wages, longer displacements, and geographic unavailability. The rural communities largely rely on the basic exigency service suppliers and voluntary first respondents. EMS is dearly-won in rural countries compare to urban countries because they cover larger country. They largely get low net income so hold to trust on unpaid staff. Since most of the first respondents work voluntary so they can non afford long distance travel for exigency. Trauma-Related Injuries and Deaths: Harmonizing to the Texas Department of Health ‘s Bureau of Emergency Management, in Texas about day-to-day 30 people die because of trauma-related hurts. Trauma is one of the taking cause of deceases among age groups 1 to 44yrs. 11,898 people died from hurt in Texas and in that 68.8 per centum were unwilled deceases ( 4 ) ( 2002 ) . From surveies, if terrible injured patient receive intervention from injury centre will hold better opportunity of endurance ( 2 ) . The above statistics reflect that injury are one of the major causes of deceases which call for immediate attending peculiarly in rural countries. Golden Hour and Response Time: ‘Golden Hour ‘ is the term used for the first hr after incident happens. A patient receiving intervention within this first hr of incident has greater opportunities of endurance. A victim ‘s life would be jeopardized if the waiting clip is increased for more than 30 proceedingss. The rural countries have mean response clip 18 proceedingss and for urban countries it is 8 proceedingss lesser than rural country ( 5 ) . A five twelvemonth survey in Arkansas rural county, 72 per centum deceases occur at scene because of delayed intervention. Response clip for urban country is 7 min. and for rural country its 13.6 proceedingss and so transit clip is 17.2 min and for urban its 8 proceedingss ( 11 ) . Most of deceases from injury in rural countries occur even before hospitalization. You read "Rural Public Health Analysis Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Harmonizing to Bureau of Emergency Management at Texas Department of Health, the preventable dec ease rate in rural countries is about 85 % higher in rural countries as compared to their urban opposite numbers. Harmonizing to Vermont and New York metropolis survey, the paediatric injury decease instances is twice in rural countries compared to urban countries ( 11 ) . The information of Texas Department of Health Bureau of Epidemiology ( Texas DSHS ) shows that rural countries have a response clip up to 2 hours and 16 proceedingss and conveyance clip to infirmary was 2 hours and 12 proceedingss. 157 of 254 counties of Texas have response clip of about 10 proceedingss and for 151 counties transport clip is greater than 20 proceedingss ( 2002 ) ( 10 ) . A study conducted by the National Highway Transportation Administration showed a important difference of 98 % in the response clip for exigency services between rural and urban countries ( 15 ) . This has been illustrated in the figure below The graph clearly indicates the trouble in accessing transit services and waiting clip in the rural infirmaries. Medicare and Medicaid: Other job is uninsured population ; about 25 per centum of Texas Population was uninsured in 2002 ( 4 ) . A bulk of rural occupants are financially weak and are less likely to hold insurance coverage than urban occupants. This suggests that the rural population will confront greater resource restraints in accessing attention. Rural occupants tend to hold lower incomes, and are normally freelance as husbandmans. Besides the concern houses in rural countries are smaller in size and the insurance benefits provided by the employers are less likely to cover the standard wellness attention services. Hence, it is more likely that we can happen greater uninsured or underinsured population in these countries and when it comes to accessing medical services they have to pass a immense sum compared to urban population. Rural populations have more ageing population so they require more immediate and effectual exigency services. In 2001, Texas was top ranked for unsalaried attention to gross patient gross ( 4 ) . Equipment and installation Problems: From 2002 Texas Department of Health reported 61 Texas counties have no infirmaries, 105 had one infirmary and 26 counties had two infirmaries ( 4 ) . In 2002 Texas Hospital Association conducted Emergency Care Issues Survey and found that 72 % of rural installations had issues reassigning the patients and directing ambulances because of deficiency of beds. Harmonizing to Texas Department of Health, there are 131 trauma centres have basic Level IV installations in Texas State. Level IV injury is basic exigency service, normally they lack in equipment and trained staff. Most of accidents occur on rural roads because of high velocity, inefficient usage of place belts, intoxicant ingestion. The hold in reassigning the patients to infirmaries leads to complications like pneumonia, sepsis and multi-organ failure. Since the rural exigency medical services have deficit of trained staff most of the rural exigency services are working over their capacity therefore endangering the quality of s ervices. Review of Current Policies Affecting the Subject Federal Policies: The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act was approved by U.S in 1986. This act ensures that the entree to exigency medical attention would non be dependent on individual ‘s economic ability ( 4 ) . With the execution of this Act many uninsured and underserved population got entree to exigency medical services. National Highway Safety Administration created the EMS to diminish traffic related deceases ( Mead, 1998 ) . The Highway Safety Act 4 was passed in the twelvemonth 1996 which resulted in the formation of EMS and in 1967 EMS began officially. After constitution of EMS, there was a important decrease in the mortality rate from injury related deceases. The rural countries are less dumbly populated and at long distance from the degree I and II injury installations. So Balance Budget Act ( BBA ) in 1997 modified the compensation policies by adding Medicare ambulance fee agenda and besides started Medicare Rural Hospital Flexibility Program to back up little infirmaries in rural communities to exchange into Critical Access Hospitals ( CAH ) ( 12 ) . CAH helped to beef up the EMS in rural countries. This was the attempt to better the quality, entree to exigency medical services to better rural wellness system. The Federal Office of Rural Health Policy ( FORHP ) Grant plan provides the resources to prolong the betterments to rural EMS systems ( 12 ) . National Association of State EMS Officials ( NASEMSO ) and National Organization of State Offices of Rural Health ( NOSORH ) formed Joint Committee on Rural Emergency Care in 2009 ( 13 ) . This commission serves to implement the policies to supply seasonably, low-cost and high quality exigency medical services in rural countries. Healthy people ( HP ) act 2010 was an enterprise which was developed to better the quality of wellness attention services and entree to exigency medical services in rural countries ( 11 ) . Texas is portion of federal plan for enlisting and keeping of medical professionals in Texas rural countries ( 4 ) . With all federal attempts there is range to better the EMS in rural Texas. But still increased attempts are needed to better the quality of EMS in rural countries. Other plans which are working to better the exigency attention services in rural countries are The Rural Health Care Services Outreach Grant Program, The Rural Health Network Development Grant Program, The Rural Health Network Development Planning Grant Program, The Small Rural Hospital Improvement Program, Grants for Policy-Oriented Rural Health Services Research, The Rural Health Research Grant Program, Public Access Defibrillation Demonstration Projects Grant Program, The Rural Emergency Medical Service Training and Equipment Assistance Program, The Rural Health Best Practices and Community Development Cooperative Agreement Program etc. ( 4 ) State Policies: The 77th Legislature passed House Bill 7 in 2001 and formed Office of Rural Community Affairs. It provided funding for many plans to better entree to rural wellness attention. It provides fundss to plans like Critical Access Hospital Board Training Reimbursement, Critical Access Hospital Designation, Critical Access Hospital Feasibility Study Grant, Critical Access Hospital Feasibility Study Grant, Access to Emergency Devices Grants, Capital Improvement Loan Fund, Small Rural Hospital Improvement Program, Rural Communities Healthcare Investment Loan Reimbursement Program, Rural Physician Relief Program, Medically Underserved Community, Rural Recruitment and Retention Initiative, Outstanding Rural Scholar Recognition Program and Texas Health Service Corps Program. The 78th Texas legislative assembly passed an act in November 2002 to cover with jobs like unequal support issues, inaccessibility of EMS system and deficit of doctor ( 4 ) . There is no entirely federal and province plan for injury services. Both the federal and province authoritiess are working in a synchronism to supply grants for injury attention, EMS suppliers and first respondents to better and prolong the quality of EMS services in the rural countries. In 2003, new history for EMS was created in 78th Texas Legislature. A $ 100 mulct was imposed for poisoning related offenses and the money was deposited in this history ( 4 ) . Fifty per centum of that money is allocated for local Emergency Medical Services, no more than twenty per centum is for Rural Assistance Clinics for 22 TSAs, 27 per centum is for unsalaried injury attention installations and three per centum is for administrative cost for Bureau of Emergency Management ( 4 ) . State resources are non equal to for enlistin g and keeping of wellness attention professionals, better exigency medical equipment and keep the quality of EMS in rural countries of Texas. Most of federal and province rural wellness policies and plans rely on nose count Bureau information and bounds set by the OMB, ERS, agency, and HRSA for country of appellation such as urban and rural, metro and non tube or frontier ( 4 ) . The agency of Health Professional National Center for Health Workforce Analysis of Health Resources and Services Administration has criterions to sort certain geographic countries and population groups into a wellness professional deficit country ( HPSA ) or medically underserved country or Population ( MUA/MUP ) . Harmonizing to this study, Texas has 100 HPSA in non tube or frontier parts and in those 60 seven counties, 20 nine are population groups and three comprehensive wellness centres and one Rural Health Clinic ( 4 ) . As per the Bureau of Emergency Management has administered presently 131 as Level IV ( basic ) injury installations, 36 as Level III ( general ) injury installations, 9 as Level II ( major ) injury installations, and 12 installations designated, as degree I ( comprehensive ) injury installations, . In 1997 Senate Bill 102 approved the regular session, 75th Texas Legislature and provided the EMS/Trauma attention system impermanent fund. Permanent resources provided by 76th Texas Legislature for EMS, with the money from the baccy judicial proceeding colony ( 4 ) . Federal and State Programs: Plans like Statewide Rural Health Care System provided by Texas Department of Insurance to rural population aids in supplying insurance coverage for exigency attention. The School-based Health Centers plan is offered by Texas Department of Health for rural country where there is a lack of medical professionals. Besides Rural Emergency Medical Services Scholarship Incentive plan is provided by the Center for Rural Health Initiatives for rural countries holding a population of less than 50,000 which are non designated as metropolitan statistical country and they besides have community scholarship plan for nonmetropolitan Texas rural countries. The Office of Rural Community Affairs have Rural Health Facility Capital Improvement plan is for 150,000 populated rural countries and other plans like Outstanding Rural Scholar Recognition and loan Program for Rural Health Care, Rural Physician Recruitment Program and Rural Physician Relief Program. The Bureau of Emergency Management has Temporary Exemptions for Rural EMS which covers 50,000 or less populated rural countries. ( 4 ) How to cite Rural Public Health Analysis Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Global Business Dynamics for Global Internet Access- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Business Dynamics for Global Internet Access. Answer: Facebooks Internet.Org Initiative Summary Facebook in the leadership of Mark Zuckerberg launched an internet initiative with the name Internet.org in which it aimed to provide internet connection to every single human being on the planet. It was a very ambitious project launched in 2013. This crusade of internet connectivity has been partially successful in making people of the countries like Zambia, Paraguay, Indonesia, Philippines, Rwanda and Kenya online (Aivazidou et al. 2017). The main aim of this initiative was to target a huge internet market in the country of India and many other developing nations. This initiative was termed to be a mixture of a business prospect along with the concept of philanthropy. But it was criticized by the press and many other players in the IT world as it seemed to them that Facebook plotting to get more number of users in the backdrop of this initiative. It was shown that from this initiative Facebook will gain monetarily and will gain exponentially from the bottom of the pyramid (Bates et al. 2017). There were many discussions and debates as this initiative was in contradiction with the net neutrality concept which allowed internet users to access any website without any restrictions created by monopoly, as the Facebook was orchestrating. Outline of Facebooks Internet.org Initiative. Internet.org is an initiative which comprises of partnership between many social networking players on the internet such as Facebook, Qualcomm, MediaTek Samsung, Nokia, Ericsson and Opera Software. This plan aimed to provide very cheap internet access to some selected internet services in some underdeveloped countries where there is a paucity of internet connectivity and people are unaware of the facilities of internet (Beeler et al. 2017). This initiative plans to increase the efficiency and providing new models of business models which revolves around the internet access. A web application named Free Basics was developed to execute this initiative which gained much popularity in very less time. This initiative was criticized on a global level as it violated the concept of net neutrality because it contained some handpicked internet services which the people will be able to use if they are using the Internet.org system. This created a sense of discrimination against the services which were not included in the scheme (Bowie 2017). The main aim of Internet .org initiative was to provide internet access to the two third of the world population which is deprived of the benefits of the internet services. The concerned partners in this initiative were looking forward to provide affordable and efficient system on internet access which was misinterpreted. The Internet.org initiative has plans of using compressed data transfer methods to increase the speed of internet connectivity so that more amounts of data can be sent in less time and with the help of minimum infrastructure cost (Broeders 2017). Solution: The best solution to the problem of net neutrality which the Internet.org initiative faced is providing the entire internet services in the scheme so that there is no discrimination in the eyes of competitors. Impact of Internet.org on emerging economies Internet has changed the dynamics of business and economy of the entire world. It can be observed that all the developed nations have free and high speed internet connectivity which has become the most basic requirement to do all the things in daily life. The prospect and impact of internet is increasing day by day on the lives of people (Ferraro et al. 2017). Mark Zuckerberg championed the economic implications of free internet which is why he launched Internet.org initiative. He understood the fact that people who have the power of internet access have the power to gain a lot in especially in economic prospect. Internet.org initiative was launched keeping in mind that countries which are deprived of internet access are living in a primitive age and have no future opportunities to change their economic status. If the Internet.org initiative successful in its pilot program then the countries, who will take part in the scheme will radically change their economic condition (Hsueh 2017) . There will exploration of huge untapped market opportunities which will have a major positive impact on the global economy. Economies where business is still done manually and have no idea about the services of internet which will make their business faster and easier and less costly could exploit this opportunity to become self-sustainable and can expand their business on the international level which will mutually benefit both, their indigenous economy as well as the global economy. People of the underdeveloped economies will explore new horizons of business opportunities by using the internet services provided by the Internet.org initiative (Huang et al. 2017). Solution: The problem of Internet.org initiative to reach underdeveloped countries is the lack of modern infrastructure which can be solved by involving the local governments in support of the initiative. Serving the bottom of the pyramid or Facebook trying to expand its reach. The entire Internet.org initiative was under the crosshairs of debates and criticism that Facebook is trying to use this initiative as a cover to bottom feed by exploiting the base of the pyramid and is trying to gain from the economic benefits of this initiative to reach new levels of business goals (Karamet al. 2017). Many players on the global level were vocal about the ulterior motives of Facebook for launching the Internet.org initiative. Facebook had to face many allegations which came along the launch of this initiative as some stated that Facebook will use the user base to increase its income which it gets from the advertisements. Another grave allegation which was made on Facebook that Internet.org initiative has nothing to do with the humanitarian values of providing users with free internet access rather it is concerned about expanding its user base which will bring more revenue and profit to the company (Kourula et al. 2017). It was also stated that Facebook and other partner companies in this initiative are trying to establish a strong monopoly by allowing only certain services under the scheme restricting the access to a large number of services which is not justified from the point of view of a user. Mark Zuckerberg tried to explain that this initiative is a pilot scheme and its success will determine the future prospect of the full-fledged scheme. But critics all around the world were not convinced with this explanation (Linehan et al. 2017). Solution: The entire concept of Internet.org initiative was misinterpreted by the people all around the world. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discussion which contains questions and their relative answers about the case study on Facebook Internet.org initiative that it was a very ambitious and farsighted scheme to make two third of the world population aware of the internet services and its benefits which can be exploited and explored by people who are unfortunate enough not to know about it. It was launched by one of the biggest Social Networking Company which has the maximum user base as of now and has unfathomable resources to accomplish this project. But there are certain limitations to the schemes and initiatives planned by the companies which have to convince some regulatory authorities about the viabilities of the project. In the following scenario the Internet.org initiative got caught up in regulations about the net neutrality and monopolizing the internet access due to which the initiative does not end up well. Despite the efforts made by Facebook in the underdeveloped countries of Africa and South East Asia it failed to incorporate big market like India which could have turned the tables of the Internet.org initiative. Therefore it can be concluded that the Internet.org was believed to serve the bottom of the pyramid. IKEA in Russia: Emerging Market Strategies and Ethical Dilemmas Summary IKEA is a Swedish company having headquartered in Netherlands and sells and designs the most modernized and luxury furniture. It is the most top rated furniture company in the world with its branch in all the major cities of the world. In the following case study IKEA in Russia faced some legal issues concerning the bribery case which was penalized and investigated by the Russian authorities (Medeiros et al. 2017). The country of Russia is quite infamous for its corruption practices, mafias and organized crime syndicates but the reality is quite different from which many Russian experts are unaware of. Russian authorities captured some high posted authorities of IKEAs Russian subsidiary who were involved in crimes like bribery and high-level extortion for leasing two premises for IKEAs Mega Shopping Complex (Michalos 2017). The two suspects of crime fled Russia although the Russian authorities were seeking them for their extradition. IKEA has been known for its uncompromising approac h towards corruption but in some cases it has been unsuccessful in keeping its employees under the radar who have been caught in some shady deals. In the same year IKEA has been accused of practicing unfair lumbering practices in the Russian woods which made them break the environmental norms of the country. External factors for devising a market entry strategy in new country The stakeholders of IKEA had been keen in expanding their business into Russia way back when it was USSR. They believed that there is an untapped and unexplored market in Russia which can be capitalized to increase the business opportunities of IKEA in Europe (Nord et al. 2017). It was known to the partners of IKEA that Russia is a country where cheap and affordable products will attract more customers than expensive and lavish furniture. Durability of the products mattered more than its looks for the Russian customers. The strategy for IKEA was to use cheap labor and cut cost in that domain. Another strategy was to offer simple design products in affordable prices. IKEA also indulged itself into several environmental and social projects to advertise its presence and concern for the citizens of Russia (Schaltegger and Marcus 2017).IKEA paid emphasis on the human resources also which made its management realize about the values and beliefs which superseded the skills and academics whe n they conducted job interviews for hiring in IKEA. The company has attempted to open their business in Russia when it was Soviet Union but the attempt failed as the Soviet Union collapsed and the business plan of IKEA was dropped. But in later years, IKEA entered into Russia for its business. They knew that Russia is teaming up to develop a market for the poor people which were not good for the business prospect of IKEA (Shahin 2017). There was another problem of corruption which IKEA had to deal with in doing business in Russia. IKEA would have devised a plan and strategy by doing proper survey for the market of Russia which would have given a holistic idea of how the things will work for them. Impact of Strong and Co-operative Political Machinery on the Business Prospects IKEA has to face many small and big problems in its expansion strategy which was not considered to be a smooth road for them. The business environment in Russia determined the type and quality of business they did which was filled with problems which ranged from obstacles in opening up of stores to convincing the government employees in fire, safety, health customs, electricity, tax, and other departments which need compliance from IKEA (Singhet al. 2017). The employees of these Russian departments found problems in the stores of IKEA consistently, especially during the crucial times of business such as openings of stores. The management of IKEA considered that the Russian authorities will give them pointers to mitigate the problems and overcome them to do proper business with all the rules and regulations which were asked of them but this does not happened as the Russian authorities wanted IKEA to defaulter so that they can create more problems for them (Sunnyet al. 2017). Although there were some problems from the government side Russian authorities also provided IKEA some support. The Russians provided IKEA proper place of opening a mega store which became the center of attraction for the brand and it made a lot of business for IKEA. It created a record opening sale which is almost impossible to break for any retail chain company to break even now. Russia being a country where taiga and tundra climate exist which is quite congenial for lumbering and furniture business (Willoughby 2017). Solution: IKEA should have planned the business prospects in Russia and problems which they can face so that they would have been prepared to face them. Strategy for establishing large shopping complexes instead of standalone shopping centers. The stores of IKEA are not common furniture stores but have huge spaces and an ambience which suits perfectly to the theme which is provided by them to familiarize the customers with the company and the products. IKEA stores provide shopping experience to their customer which gives them a feel of visiting a museum (Yim 2017). Russian people are very conservative and have less idea about the standards and way of living of people in different parts of the world. They are oblivious to the styles and designs of furniture used in the Western and Eastern parts of the world. IKEA stores which are constructed as mega complexes show the glimpse of the ways of living of the Westerns countries which draws Russians to its stores as they come to educate themselves with the Western culture which is way modern and advanced than them (Singh et al. 2017). IKEA provides an interesting environment of shopping which becomes a topic of discussion for its customers even if they leave the store and go somewhere else. Unlike the mundane shopping centers of furniture IKEA gives a creative edge to the shopping experience which cannot be provided in the stand alone shops, Thus it becomes mandatory for the IKEA management team to build large and mega complexes so that they can display their grandeur and variety of products with proper presentation and that too at cheap rates (Aivazidou et al. 2017). IKEA attracts customers of all economic status which ranges from poor students to highly paid officials in Russia. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discussion about the second case study about IKEA and its business prospects in Russia that in the beginning it faced many problems in context with the government authorities. The officials created many issues in different departments of government which needed compliance. These issues create an ethical dilemma in making emerging marketing decisions about the company like IKEA which has grown so much in its international market. The problems of bribery and extortion which were faced by IKEA are result of the corrupt practices executed by their own employees which may be a requirement for doing business in Russia at that moment. IKEA being a strict company for the charges and accusations like these has been booked for not complying with environmental rules of the country as they cut down trees which were against the norms. Some actions taken by IKEA may be circumstantial and guided by the ethical dilemma of doing business and making decisions for eme rging market changes but the entire company should not be judged by these degraded deeds of its employees. IKEA has been one of the most successful business ventures of its time which has reshaped the entire furniture business. References Aivazidou, Eirini, Naoum Tsolakis, Dimitrios P. Vlachos, and Eleftherios Iakovou. "Water Footprint Mitigation Strategies for Agrifood Products: The Application of System Dynamics in Green Marketing." 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